What to Eat When You Have COVID-19

By now, you probably know what to do if you have a mild case of COVID-19: Isolate, monitor your symptoms, and seek help if they become severe. What you might not know is what to eat if you test positive to start feeling well again, as quickly as possible.
Though research on how specific foods can impact your recovery from the SARS-CoV-2 virus is still in its infancy, it's well-known that a balanced, nutrient-dense diet is key to maintaining a robust immune system. Below, everything to know about what to put on your plate when you have COVID-19.
What We Know About Diet and COVID-19
There's no proof that eating certain foods will make your COVID-19 symptoms go away faster, dietitian Toby Amidor, RD, CDN, author of The Family Immunity Cookbook, told Health. "There is no scientific evidence to make the association between eating for a healthy immune system to help lessen the duration of COVID-19," Amidor says. But some foods (and, more specifically, the nutrients they contain) appear to help the body mount a more successful response to invaders.
Vitamin D specifically is a key component of immune health. A 2017 review and meta-analysis published in The BMJ found that vitamin D supplementation—especially in participants who were deficient—was found to protect against acute respiratory tract infections. Other micronutrients—like vitamin C, vitamin B6, and vitamin E, among others—have also been associated with better immune health. Certain macronutrients, like fiber and protein, have been linked to stronger immunity, as well.
Fermented foods may play a role in immune health, too. According to a 2021 study published in the journal Cell, consumption of fermented foods led to more microbiome diversity—which can impact immune response.
That said, much of the research around diet and immunity hinges on dietary habits established before coming down with an illness. In other words: Your immune system can't achieve powerhouse status overnight.
For many people, eating during a bout of COVID-19 mainly means eating well to feel well. Here are several foods to add to your grocery order if you or someone in your home has COVID-19.
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Fruits and Vegetables
Eating plenty of fruits and vegetables is a great way to build up general health and immune health. Fruits and veggies high in immune-supporting micronutrients like vitamins A, C, D, and zinc include:
Citrus fruits
Tomatoes
Berries
Kiwi
Carrots
Sweet potatoes
Broccoli
Bell peppers
Mushrooms
Not only do these foods supply key micronutrients, many of them give you a boost of complex carbohydrates. These can keep your energy levels steadier throughout the day, which might be beneficial when dealing with COVID-19 fatigue.
If a sore or scratchy throat means fresh fruits won't go down easily, try them blended in a smoothie. Or, if you're in the mood for something warm, consider soup. "Soup is a great way to sneak in veggies and is light on the stomach," dietitian Ana Reisdorf, MS, RD, told Health.
Whole Grains
The prebiotic fiber in whole grains provides "food" for healthy bacteria to flourish in the digestive system. A thriving microbiome is associated with a better-functioning immune system—most likely because beneficial bacteria in the digestive tract reduce inflammation.
If COVID-19 has you down for the count, try oatmeal and barley. Both contain a fiber called beta-glucan, which is well known for its anti-inflammatory properties. (And, since both have a naturally smooth texture, they shouldn't aggravate a scratchy throat.) Other nutritious, high-fiber grains include quinoa, whole wheat pasta, whole wheat bread, and brown rice.
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Proteins
Of the three macronutrients—protein, fat, and carbs—protein is known for its ability to build muscle and repair tissues. It also serves as the backbone of all your cells, including immune cells. Getting too little of it impairs immune function and puts you at greater risk of infectious disease, according to research published in the British Journal of Nutrition.
Many protein sources also contain micronutrients, Amidor said, explaining that beef gives you both. "Beef helps immunity because it has the mineral zinc, which is involved in many metabolic activities in your body, including the production of protein and wound healing," she said. Amidor, who partners with the National Cattlemen's Beef Association, recommended choosing lean cuts of beef whenever possible.
Of course, beef doesn't own the market on protein and zinc: Pork, lamb, and chicken all contain sizable amounts of both. For a softer meal that requires minimal effort when your energy is zapped, toss meats in the slow cooker with a low-sugar marinade.
Plenty of plant-based options also offer protein, including beans, lentils, and tofu (all of which are good sources of fiber, too). Then again, if digestive complaints are part of your COVID-19 experience, you may want to avoid these foods, since they could aggravate bloating and diarrhea.